COMPARING STEEL GRADES

November 3th, 2025

Modern material science relies on the SAE International and AISI systems to categorize alloys. For global precision, the Unified Numbering System (UNS) provides a secondary layer of identification. This updated guide focuses on two critical categories: the 2000 series (Nickel) and 3000 series (Nickel Chromium) steels.

SAE 2xxx Series: Nickel Enriched Alloys

The 2000 series designation signifies that nickel is the primary alloying element. While formulas vary, a standard composition often includes approximately 3.5% to 5% nickel and 0.35% carbon. This addition significantly increases the toughness of the metal.

Core Industrial Applications

• Pressure Vessels: Steel used in gas cylinders features elevated nickel levels to ensure maximum resistance against internal pressure and extreme temperature fluctuations.
• Heavy Forgings: These alloys provide superior corrosion resistance. They are the preferred choice for structural components exposed to harsh weather or heavy industrial stress.

• Power Transmission: The 2000 series is tough enough to handle the constant torque and rotation found in automotive and marine engine gears or shafts.

SAE 3xxx Series: Nickel Chromium Alloys

The 3000 series indicates a chemical profile containing both nickel and chromium. This combination results in exceptional strength and specialized resistance properties.

Superior Protective Qualities

• Oxidation Resistance: Chromium increases the oxygen diffusion rate. This helps the steel resist rust and degradation in high moisture or marine environments.
• Thermal and Electrical Stability: For electrical applications, these steels can contain chromium levels upwards of 20%. This provides massive resistance to electrical currents and high heat, which is vital for wire drawing.
• Mechanical Endurance: The high hardness of nickel chromium alloys makes them ideal for environments with constant friction. They often outperform alternatives like cobalt chrome in high wear scenarios.

Summary

The fundamental difference lies in the addition of chromium. While both alloys are durable, the 3000 series offers higher overall strength and better performance in oxidizing environments.